Internal-combustion engine



' Nov. 18, 1930. B. B. BACHMAN ET'AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Fiied July 18, 1928; -SSheets-Sheet 1 B. is. B ACHM AN ETA'L 1;782,-l87 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2* Nov. .18, 1930.

Filed July 18, 1928 L IJI .l l Lt M WM?! 3 Nov. 18, 1930.

B. a. BACHMAN ET AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July 18, 1928 3 Sheets-Shoot 3 INVENTORS Patented Nov, 18, 1930 BENEAMIN 1'3; ACHMAN, on rrrrLAbEnrnIA; P ErinsYLvnN A, A1115 LOUIS s, CLA E;

on rALM B Acir, rLo'nID nssrenorts 'ro'rrrn AUTocAncoMrANy; or A'nnMon-n, 1 rEN sYLvAnri-a, aconronn'rrononrmmsYLvANIA I INrrn'n A -emvmusrron Enema T his invention relates generally to internal combustion engines, 3 especially those of the so-called water cooled types,andis more par ticularly directed 'toimprovementsin the n'iethods'and means of circulating the cooling fluid through" the engine so as to attain greater lcooling efliciency than is possible iththe systems or methods'of circulation now in use;=

the Water-cooling of hydrocarbon engines involves carrying' watertfrom a suitable'radiator. or cooling unit, to jackets surrounding the engine cylinders; and valve seats, the water, after perform ng 1ts fUIlOtlOII, return ing to the ra'diator, this circuit of the liquid:

continuing during the operation of 'thegengine. In some.systemspforced circulationls utilized, atpump bei-ng inserted. in thewater line from the bottom ofthe radiator. to'the engine jacketin'g, while "in others, the socalledthermo-siphon system,ia natu'ra'l cir- Water,

* cooling, resultsin the rapid-deterioration of;

culation is induced by the -,difi'erential in tem- V perature" between the fluidin the jackets and that the radiator.

In'either type,the Water enters the" engine jackets from T the lowerpart of the radiator'and returns to the "top thereof after flowing through the and the vhead. 1

To ob tain the mosteflicie nt performance in an internal combustion engine, which. is essentially, a heat motonit is desirable that the combustionchamber be maintained at the highest possible temperature I belovv that which would result'in preignitionof the en. tering fuel charge; Howevenfthe operation such conditions, With exthe exhaust valve' seats andv the valves themselves,due totheextremely high temperatureof the spent gases'passing 'the reover'to the exhaust manifold"; For example, the'yalve seats and the chamfered edges or seat-engag ing portionsfqf the valves become burned and pitted, While'the valves,in many-instances, warp .or becom'e distorted, resulting incomipressi'onlossesls ithia consequent rapid de; clme in the operating efiiciency of the motor.

jacketpassages of the cylindenblock 1928. Serial No. 293,683

plish the desired cooling ofthe exhaust valves and their ,seats,

lieachbutthese have resultedin failure, from onecause or, anothemlargely due to produc p I g p I i 'tion.complicationmwith the undesirable high in As is wellknowm the-standard practice n or lack of dependinvention to without producingsundue heat losses in theupper cylinder Walls'and eflicientme-thod and means of cooling the ex haust valvefseats, and the valvesfassociated therewith, in an internal combustion engine,

Withoutdetractingfrom the performance of i the engine, by. producingdetrimen'tal heat losses atthose pointsWhereg-hi-gh andsub} L stanti ally constantltehiperatures are essential to economic operationa I It lsalsofan object. offthis Invention to provide for theqcoolin'g of theexhaustvalves andtheir seatsthrough the medium of a fluid circulating through the cooling system, in a manner whereby such fluid. Willperforingits function with respect to said 'valvesand theirseats; While itsefieetive capacity for absorption ofgheat units is greatest.

Another: obj ect of the invention resides in the provision of means for practicing a method of cooling an iinternalcombustion engine, as aforesaid, which may be practically" andeconomicallyiproduced as an integral part of the so-called cylinder block,

and-without altering or'chan'ging the general appearance'of the motor, so that in allvisible essentials it conforms {to existing istandards Thiszin'vention rflirther contemplates the provision nternal combustion engines, having the aforesaid characteristics, which will be dependalole in functioning, under the variable cond1t1onsof engine operation;

residesfin the provision'of-a more compact of 'a cooling 'method and means'fori Another i-mportantobject the invention I and, rigidfstructure, than is obt'ainable in manyof the enginesof existing designfand especially those used 1n m0tor-vehic1econ 7 aspect.

struction, thereby minimizing the detrimental effects of vibration and greatly adding to V the life of the motor.

Other objects and' advantages flowing all rights to the full range ofeq uivalents, both in'structure and in use, to which we maybe entitled under our lnvention 1n 1ts broadest For the purposes of this disclosure, weihave block of an internal combustion engine, part tion.

elected toillustrate and describe acertain preferred means of carryingour method into effect. However, this is merely illustrative, as our method may be practiced by other means within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

V In the accompanying drawings: a Figure 1 is an end elevation of the cylinder ly insection, showingan exhaust valve passage and cooperating passages for the cooling medium, in accordance with our inven- Figure 2'is a side exhaust valves andthe adjacent portions of the waterjacketing being viewed on the line aca of Figure 1'.

view of a fragment of the cylinder block,

showing the'water inlet to thejacketing coinmunicating with a passage .disposed'approx block,'or between the third and fourth cylinders, and v j 1 Figure '5 is sectional elevation ofithe block, taken on the line b-b 'of'Figu're 4.

Referring now to thedrawings in detail, in

whichilike characters ofreference are employedto designate similar-parts in the severalviews, 7-indica'tes'the engine crank-case uponwhich the engine blocklisimounted and secured by suitable belts or studs. This block 8 which'may bQCfiSt/ or formed in any other suitable; manner, =-may comprise 7' any practicable number ofcylinders, the engine in the present showing being of the so called L-head-typdv 'ith six cylinders in line.

the valves being actuated in-opposition to synchronism with The block embodies-the cylinder barrels 9, inlet valve seats 10 and}exhaustvalveseats 11' with which the inlet valves 12 and the eXhaustvalveslS are adapted'to cooperate,

their springs 12? and 13 by" the cams. 14 and 15 on the camshaft l6, rotating inproper the revolutionof the crank V elevation, partly in section, embodying the block construction shown in Figure 1, the passages of two of the ing fluid, such as water, thereabout, these passages communicating through suitable registering openings with likewater circulation passages 18 in'the detachable cylinder head sections 19. In the usual construction, the cooling liquid is admitted to the cylinder jacket at the front endof the block, at approximately the base thereof, and v rising therewithin. around the barrels and the valve seatsand inlet and exhaust passages, returns to the radiator through suitable connections to portsI'in the tops of the respective head sections. 3 i, a

Now, when it is considered that the exhaust valve seats are the inost critical portions of the block requiring cooling, due to the high temperature of the spent gases rushing over them, it must be apparent that while too rapid-cooling of the walls of the combustion chamber may not be desirable, in the interests ofvolurnetric efliciency, the existing uncontrolled or undirected circulation of the cooling fluid within the acketing is not productive "of the greatest efiiciency in engine performance nor is it conducive to that long life of the exhaust valves and their seats which economic maintenance demands.

Therefore, we have provided for carrying or conducting the cooling medium to those parts of the engineblock where the heat hazard is greatest, whilethe heat absorption capacity of the water is virtually at its maximum, instead 'of at a minimum, as it now reaches the exhaust valve seats, and, We accomplish this desirable end without the objectionablerapid coolingof the walls of the combustionchambenso that the high per, imately on the transverse center line ofthe formance characteristics of a given design of engine may be retained, without detrlmental- I ly aflectingthe life of the exhaust valves'and their seats. lThis result may be attained in the'delivery of the. cooling fluid from the radiator directly to thei'exhau st valve seats 7 and passagegfrom where it circulates about the remainder of the water j acketing and re turns to the top ofthe'radiator.

As will be observed from Figure 1 0f the drawings,a passage 20, defined by the spaced walls 21 and 22 disposed transversely of the Cylinderblock and preferably betweenthe two intermediate cyliridersofth set ofsix,

the block, as indicated at passage 20, which may be located between the first and second cylinders or elsewhere in the Vtheradiator.(not*shown), asthe case may which isjopen atone end-tothe outside of V val've'sideof'the engine,

mas er longitudinally disposed, passage '25, which, in the embodiment of ourinvention illus trated, is closed ateach-end, the said pas sage 25 which is an integral component of the cylinder block Water jacketing forming a part of a single circulating syste1n,' as;will be hereinafter apparent, being located onjthe,

' hcient' operating temperature. I

The passage 25, which "it"will be ass is below the Valves, may be of any suitable shape and dimensions','essential'to the proper performanceofits functions in the direct ingof'theflow of the circulating medium, the

walls2l an'd22for'ming the passage 20,;being curved or otherwise' formed, as at21- and" 22, to eliminate frictionand the creation of eddies as the, water traversing the passage 20 from the inletQO enters thepa's'sage25: Now, assuming that theeng'ine' is' operating, the water in the cooling system, that is,;the' engine block jacketing, including the head,the radiator, the interconnecting outlet and return lines, as Well as in the pump,if one is a part of the'system', 1s-1n"cont1nuo'us ClI'CHlLtlOIl from the base of the *radlator to g t-he'engine and back again to thestop of the radiator.'. ASttllG heat-laden- Water passes through-the radiator, it-is subjected tocooling so that it reenters the engine block at1a substantiallyreduced temperaturemne which renders" it again 'efl ective'in th of its'cooling function;

This 'relativelycool water, as hasfbeen 'explained, is carried directlyto the passage 20,

eperformance 1 fromwhi'ch it flows intoth'e pas'sage 25,-and

rises through cored or; otherwise formed openings or" vents 26 in the top wall 25? thereof, oneo'f these openingsbeing preferablylocated beneath the lowest point "of the wall of each exhaustvalve"passage,' as

in dicated at 27, in Figure 1'. Itwill be apparent that the Iiquid 'ri-sing throughcthese apertures, which providethe Vonlyfoutlets from the passage 25 to theremainder of the Water jacketin'g of the engine block, willibe directed against the walls; of therespective exhaust valve; passages. Thus; the inost "critical portions of the engine block, the exhaust t I jpassagef25 w th a suitableoffsetconnection valve seats 11 and the eic haust valve assa es 28, as Well as, the exposed surfaces of the valve stemguides-29, are, subjected to the the passage 25, as described, may be em ployed.

,The water, continuing to circulate through It will be noted,tlia't, inmount'ing the cylinder 'block 8 uponthe crank-case 7,the lower ends 'ofthe cylinder barrels'9 project afconsidera'ble distanceint'o said case, the base of the water-jacketing, as indicated at' 33', 'cooperating with the'top flange 7 a of the crank case to form the supporting meansforsaid block. Any suitable means, asbolts'orstuds,

cooperatingwwith the block and witli 'the crank-case, may units of the engine relatively immovable.

'ByeXtending the cylinder barrels into the crank-case, instead of supporting the block uponthe latter by the usual flanges formed wardly from the bottom of thejacketing of the block, the height of the 'cylinderi'block' "above the crank-case is" appreciably short;-

be "provided to renderthese' at the base of the barrels and spaced'dowm ened, not only producing a more; compact structure, but one Which possesses greater:

rigidity and resistance to the tendency of relative vibration of theblock and crank case, with the resulting detrimental effects. Also, withtheac'companying increasein the depthhof the crank-case, greater lfreedom in 7 design is allowed for thelocation of oil pumps and other crankcasecontained acc'esseries.

While, as before satagw have confined this disclosure, more or less,-to the practicing of'our method with astructure'such as is illustrated, the desired. results may be olb tained by othermea-ns and arrangements of Flor -ex ample, the passage 20, instead of being at' a:

peratingstructural 81911181163- right-angle to,;and in the horizontal plane: of, the passage 25, as shown,jmay be'disposed at any-other suitableangle: relative to the latterand above or belo'W'it, or themajor' portion of said passage 20 may parallel the' to tl1e, latter;' Also, in lieu of the pasflsage either or both ends thereof, asmay be foumi rib desirable orrne'cessary in any particular de sign of'engine' v 7 From the foregoing, it will be manifest that our invention possesses a wide range of app'licabili-tythe internal: combustionengine .art, and that various means'may be utilized for attainingmhe objects itO'VVhlCh it is directed,-as-herein fore set forth, within thepurviewof the following claims.

We claims f 1 l1. In an internal combustion engine havinga water jacket, the combination of a passage disposed jlongitudinally within said jacket, and at the lowestpartthereof, means communicating with said passage and with agwater cooling unitfor delivering the cooled water directly from said unit to said passage 'ly of the block and open at oneend to the andmeans, for ejecting the waterjt'rom said passage into said water-jacket beneath the exhaust'valves, whereby said valves and their exterior thereof, a second passage within the water jacketing of said block extending longitudinally thereof and closed'at each end, said second passage having communicationwiththe first passage, and a plurality V of outlets formed in the top of the second passage, each being located directly below an,

exhaust valv'eot' the cylinder block, said-outlets vforming the sole. means ofcommunicw 'tion between said transverse passage and the water jacketinm; 3; A as water acketfor the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, having a pluralityiofcommunicating passages. for conducting a cooling fluid about the cylinder barrelsand tlie'inlet and exhaustvalve pas block at the base thereofand within the con sages, a passage disposed transversely of said fines of said water jacket, said latter passage being connecti'ble'to a rad1ator,a, passage '7 5 within the water jacket' disposed at rightangles to said transverse passage and in the V horizontal plane thereof onthe valve side of themotor, and aplurality of outlets from said last named passage to the remainder of the'rwatersjacketofthe cylinder block. V

a d. A water jacket for.thefcylinderblock of,

aninternal combustion 'engine,ha ving a plurality of communicating passages forconducting acooling liquid about the cylinder block andinlet and-e haust-valve chambers,

a T-shapedpassage located in the base of said waterj acketopen-atone end'to the exterior of the block, the head ofsaidpassagelying alongthe valve side of saidblock," and i a plurality of outlets from the heado tsaidpassa e adapted, to direct the water {issuing T b of the cylinder block water jacketior circu-s lation through saidwa terjacket.

there romiupwardly into the contiguous-part 5,. An internal combustion engine water jacketsurroundingthe cylinder barrels, the base of said jacket being spaced upwardly from the lower ends of the cylinder barrels, a pair of communicating passages disposed atright'angles to each other within 'said Water jacket, one of said passages extending to the exterioriof the cylinder block and embodying means whereby. connection may be made therefrom to a water cooling radiator, the other of said passages having Water out-lets communicating -with the remainder of said water jacket directly beneath the, walls of-the respective exhaust valve chambers. fl-

j 6. The combination with the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine embodying a-water jacket, of a long relatively narrow passage disposed longitudinally of the block at the base of the water jacket and withinthelatter, said passage being located on the valve side of the block, asecond passage communicating with the exterior of the block and" with said first-described passageintermediate the endsot' the latter and a plurality of openings inthe top of said first described passage,;-one directly beneath each exhaust valve seat, said openings forming the sole means for admitting a cooling liquid to said water jacket; j i l j r 7. The combination with the cylinder block of an internalcombustion engine, embodying a water jacket, of apassage wholly contained within said jacket and situated at the lowest point thereof, said passage 7 extending from end tor end of said block beneath the valve chambers therein, means for admitting water to said passage at a point intermediate its ends and means for discharging the water whollycontained within said water jacket,

one of said passages being disposed longitudinally otthe block onthe valve side thereof and closed except for an opening in, the

wallthereof beneath each exhaust valve seat, the other, of said passagesbeing open to the exterior of said block forconnection to a source of water supply. l v

' BEACHMAN.

i 7' BENJAMIN LOUIS s. I CLARKE.

I v having a crank-c'asexa cylinder, block embodying I a.

admitted to said passage into the surround- 

